Walter Isaacson

Michael Spindler, the German-born chief of Apple’s European operations who had replaced Sculley as CEO in 1993, tried to sell the company to Sun, IBM, and Hewlett-Packard. That failed, and he was ousted in February 1996 and replaced by Gil Amelio, a research engineer who was CEO of National Semiconductor. During his first year the company lost $1 billion, and the stock price, which had been $70 in 1991, fell to $14

had retained—80% of the company—were worth more than twenty times that, an astonishing $1.2 billion.

That was about five times what he’d made when Apple went public in 1980